问题描述：
谁能帮我翻译一下论文的摘要 谢谢~~~
摘要：
中国疆域辽阔，历史悠远，各地自然和人文环境不尽相同，因而中国民居的多样性在世界建筑史也较为鲜见。
中华民族是一个历史悠久民族众多和幅员广大的国家，在几千年的历史文化进程中积累了丰富多彩的民居建筑的经验，在漫长的农业社会中，生产力的水平比较落后，人们为了获得比较理想的栖息环境，以朴素的生态观，顺应自然和以最简便的手法创造了宜人的居住环境。中国民居的结合自然、结合气候、因地制宜、丰富的心理效应和超凡的审美意境。
中国各地的居住建筑，又称民居。居住建筑是最基本的建筑类型，出现最早,分布最广,数量最多。由于中国各地区的自然环境和人文情况不同，各地民居也显现出多样化的面貌。
中国民居所表现的多种多样的形式和各异的特点，显示了许多因素之间复杂的相互作用和影响。各地民居明显的差异是由于地理气候条件的不同，地方材料和传统的构造技术与方法的不同、环境的不同，所处的历史时期的不同，防御要求带来的特点经济条件的差别，以及宗教因素的影响，因此，各地的民居在一定程度上反映了当地的地理环境、人们的生活状况、生活水平及当地的风俗习惯，人民所处的历史背景。
历经百年沧桑洗礼的石库门建筑，是典型的中国民居。它位于长江的入海口，也处于江南水乡。这里处于亚热带地区，气候温和，季节分明，雨量充沛;因此，这里的居民生产生活都依赖着水，这种自然的环境和功能的需要，塑造了极富韵味的江南水乡民居的风貌与特色。江南水乡民居在单体上以木构一、二层厅堂式的住宅为多，为适应江南的气候特点，住宅布局多穿堂、天井、院落。构造为瓦顶、空斗墙、观音兜山脊或马头墙，形成高低错落、粉墙黛瓦、庭院深邃的建筑群体风貌。而，在民居的经营布局、房舍安排上也受到封建伦理、儒学传统、风水习俗的影响。如：厅堂的主次、前后的序位、主客的区分、主仆的隔离、男女的差别等在设计上都有独到的手法。
但是，石库门建筑出现于一个特殊的半封建半殖民地的年代，因此它不仅拥有中国传统文化，更融入了西方文化。随着鸦片战争的爆发，通商口岸的确立，英、美、法、日、相继在上海划定自己的势力范围;为了躲避战乱，人们纷纷迁居租界，致使租界的人口急剧增加，住房问题日益突出。房地产商见有利可图，乘机大寺建造低价位的住宅。为了牟取暴利，设计师将欧洲的联立式住宅和中国传统的三合院和四合院相结合，从而创造出了这种独特的中西合璧的新建筑样式的里弄住宅。它代表了上海的近代文化，及文化的精神实质，充分的体现出了那复杂的近现代上海风貌。
关键词:石库门 里弄 环境考察
问题解答：
China's vast territory, history Youyuan, throughout the natural and human environment may be different, hence the diversity of Chinese residential building in the world history of relatively uncommon.
The Chinese nation is a nation with a long history and the very large number of countries, in a few thousand years of history and culture in the process of accumulation of the rich and varied experience in residential construction, agricultural society in the long, the productivity level is relatively backward, people in order to obtain more satisfactory The habitat environment for the simple concept of ecology, natural and conform to the most convenient way to create a pleasant living environment. The combination of China's residential nature, combining climate, according to local conditions and the psychological effects of rich and extraordinary aesthetic conception.
Chinese living around the building, also known as residential areas. Residential building is the most basic type of construction, there's oldest and most widely distributed, the largest number. China's various regions of the natural environment and cultural diversity around the residential areas also showed the face of diversity.
China's residential areas by the performance of a wide variety of forms and different characteristics, showing the many complex interactions between factors and implications. Residential areas around the obvious geographical differences are due to the different climatic conditions, local materials and traditional techniques and the construction of the different methods, different environment, where different historical periods, the defense asked the characteristics of the different economic conditions, as well as religious Factors, therefore, around the residential areas to a certain extent, reflect the local geographic environment and people's living conditions, living standards and the local customs, people's historical background.
After centuries of vicissitudes of the baptism of Shikumen buildings, is a typical Chinese residential areas. It is located in the mouth of the Yangtze River, also in Jiangnan Water Village. Here in the subtropical regions, a mild climate, seasonal clear, with plenty of rainfall, therefore, the residents here are dependent on the production and living water, the environment and the natural function of the needs, and shaping the very charm of the Jiangnan Water residential style and characteristics. Jiangnan Water on residential areas in the monomer to a wooden structure, the second floor of the residential halls for more, to adapt to the climatic characteristics in Gangnam, residential layout more Chuantang, patio, courtyard. Wading structure for air, fighting wall, Kwun Yam touting Ma Tau ridge or wall, a level Cuola, Fenqiangdaiwa, courtyards profound character building groups. And, operating in residential areas of the layout of the premises have also been arranged on the feudal ethics, Confucian tradition, the impact of feng shui practice. Such as: Hall of primary and secondary, before and after the sequence of, the distinction between subject and object, master and servant of segregation, the difference between men and women, such as the design has unique way.
However, the construction seen in the Shikumen a special半封建半殖民地era, it not only has the traditional Chinese culture, more integrated into the Western culture. With the outbreak of the Opium War, the establishment of Tongshangkouan, Britain, the United States, France, Japan, in Shanghai have designated their own spheres of influence; To Duobizhanluan, and people were moved to settlements, resulting in a sharp increase in the population of settlements, housing issues have become increasingly prominent . Real estate to see profitable opportunity Dasi low-cost housing construction. In order to make exorbitant profits, the designer of the European Vertical residential and traditional Chinese courtyard of the San Heyuan and integration, thereby creating a unique Chinese and Western architectural styles of the new residential Linong. It represents the city's modern culture, and cultural essence, a fully reflect the complexity of modern Shanghai style.
Key words: Shikumen Linong environmental inspection
Old Shanghai a building investigates the report
The Chinese nation is a level that long race in a history is numerous with the large nation in territory, history in several thousand years culture progress inside backlog the abundant colorful people resides the architectural experience, in endless agriculture society, the productivity compares to fall behind, people for acquiring the comparison to dwell for rest the environment ideally, with simple ecosystem view, adjust the nature with created with the most simple skill pleasant living environment.The combinative nature that Chinese people reside, combination weather, because of proper and abundant mental state in ground system effect with appreciate beauty artistic conception uniquely.
The lived in of Chinese every locality constructs, calling again that the people resides.Living the building is the most basic building type, appearing at the earliest stage, distribute most widely, the quantity was at most.Because the natural environment of Chinese every locality area is different from humanities circumstance, every locality the people resides to also present the diverse feature.
Chinese people various diverse forms that dwelling place performance with the characteristics of each 异 , show many factors complicacy of interaction with affect.Every locality the people resides the obvious difference is conditional and different because of the geography weather, the local material is different from traditional structure technique and method of and environmental and different, economic conditional difference in a characteristics for of history period and differently, defense request bringing, and the influence of the religious factor, therefore, the people of every locality resided to reflect living condition, life level and native customs and habitses of the native geography environment, people on the certain degree, people the history background of.
Vicissitudes of life that experience successively a building that a hundred years baptize, is a typical and Chinese people to reside.It locates Yangtze River of into seaport, also be placed in the river the south water country.Be placed in here subtropics region, weather geniality, the season is clear, the volume of rain is abundant; therefore, the resident here produces the life hinges upon the water, this kind of natural environment with the demand of the function, molded to enrich the river of the lingering charm the south water country the appearance that people reside very and special features.River south water country the people resides on the single with wood 构 an and two the residence of layer hall types is many, for weather characteristics that adapt to river's south, residence the layout wears hall, courtyard, courtyard more.The structure is a tile a building for, empty the wall of 斗 , view 音兜 mountain lodge or horse a walls, becoming high and low mistake falling, deep 邃 in tile, courtyard in黛 in wall in powder community appearance.And, in management layout, house arrangement that people reside too under the influence of feudalism ethics, 儒 learning the tradition, geomancy consuetudinaryly.Such as:Hall of main, in front and back of the difference of the preface an insulation, men and women for of distinction, main servant waits to all have the original skill on the design.
But, 石库 a building is appeared in the age of a special semi-feudal semi-colony, therefore it not only own the Chinese traditional culture, but also melted into the western culture.Break out along with the Opium War, the establishment of the treaty ports, 英 , beautiful, method, day, successive dilimit own sphere of influence in Shanghai; for avoiding the war disorderly, people move in to rent the boundary in droves, causing nasty play in population increment that rent the boundary, the housing problem is increasingly outstanding.Real estate the company see profitable, seizing an opportunity the residence that big temple construct low price.For reaping staggering profits, the designer is traditional with China the European 联立 type residence three match the yard with four match the yard combine together, from but create the new building style that a the west of inside for this kind of is special match bi of lane residence.It represented the modern age culture of Shanghai, and cultural spirit substance, the sufficient appeared the near modern the appearance of Shanghai of that complicacy.
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