问题描述：
尽快！
海岸带环境压力
陆域污染 海域污染
农业污染 城市生活 工业污染 浅海养殖 港口运输
常人人口 生活污水 旅游人数 养殖面积 养殖数量
畜禽养殖 农田面积 农用化肥 工业污水 企业数量 行业类别 船只数量 动力类型 装卸效率
图25 海岸带环境压力分解图
5.2加强政府管理，有效保护海岸带生态旅游资源
政府要加强对海岸带环境保护的统一领导，有计划、有步骤地开展改善近岸
海域环境质量，充分发挥各部门、各单位的力量，积极解决近岸海域环境污染和
生态破坏问题，逐步实现海洋环境与经济、社会协调发展。
5.2.1加强组织领导，实行环境保护目标责任制
青岛市政府要根据国家制定的海岸带环境保护计划的目标和任务，结合本地实际状况，制定具体实施计划，控制主要入海污染物排放总量、改善近岸海域环境质量。
政府应健全海洋环境保护机构，配备海洋环境管理专职人员，加强基层海洋环境执法队伍建设，增强执法力量。海洋、海事、渔业部门都应根据各自的职责和情况，健全海洋环境管理机构。采取措施尽快扭转海洋环境管理手段不足、监测水平低、技术装备落后的局面，提高海洋环境管理的现代化水平。
5.2.2制定法律法规，加大海岸带污染治理力度
青岛市政府要加强法制建设，建立和完善青岛市海岸带环境保护法规体系。制定《青岛海岸带环境保护管理条例》，为推动和保障海岸带环境保护提供基本法律规范，并进一步完善涉海的有关环境标准体系。
政府还要适时制定政策措施，强化环境管理。例如，全市推广使用无磷洗涤用品，禁止销售使用含磷洗涤用品;发布农药、化肥污染控制重点县、区名录，提出控制指标，明确控制任务制定相应规章;开展化肥、农药、畜禽养殖等非点源污染区域综合防治示范;新建城市污水处理设施要采用较高脱氮、脱磷能力的工艺;提高现有的污水理厂效率;根据国家制定的“生态旅游管理办法”，组织生态旅游示范，推动地区生态旅游健康发展;加强环境管理，严格控制景区内的旅游设施设，提高旅游区污水、垃圾处理率，力求旅游事业发展、旅游人员增加、旅游污染不增加。旅游收入的一部分要用于生态恢复、生态建设及污染处理设施的建设上:适度控制水产养殖面积和密度，逐步禁止直接向沿岸海水水体施肥，设立海洋水产养殖区。
5.2.3实施总量控制，加强监督管理
加强对关停企业的监控，防止出现污染反弹;同时加强分析和评估环境监测结果，为环境决策提供依据，使海岸带环境保护能够顺利落实。积极推行清洁生产。达标排放后其排放总量仍不能满足要求的企业，要通过推行清洁生产、生态工程等措施进一步减少污染物的排放。严格执行各项环境管理制度，严格执行海岸带环境功能区划。在近岸海域内从事航行、勘探、开发、生产、旅游、科.学研究及其他活动，或者在沿海陆域从事影响近岸海域环境活动的任何单位和个人，都必须符合海岸带环境功能区划的要求，禁止任何单位和个人擅自改变海岸带环境功能区划，采取有效措施改善海岸带环境质量。
5.2.4树立全民现代海岸带环境保护的自觉意识
树立正确的现代海岸带环境观念，正确认识人与海的关系，保持海岸带生态的平衡、防止海岸带环境的恶化，维持海岸带系统的自身健康循环。首先，树立“人与自然和谐相处”、“天人合一”的观念，把人的活动纳入整个海岸带生态系统中，各种活动要以维持和保护生态平衡为界限。
问题解答：
Coastal Zone pressure on the environment
Land contaminated sea pollution
Agricultural pollution urban industrial pollution shallow water aquaculture port transport
Tourism population lives of ordinary people the number of sewage number of aquaculture farming area
Livestock and Poultry Farm area of farmland fertilizer industrial effluent number of enterprises of the number of dynamic sectors for the type of vessels loading and unloading efficiency
Figure 25 coastal zone environmental pressure decomposition map
5.2 strengthening government management, effective protection of coastal eco-tourism resources
Government to strengthen the environmental protection of coastal zone unified leadership of a planned and step by step to improve the shore
The quality of the marine environment, give full play to various departments and units of the force, positive solution to environmental pollution and coastal waters
Ecological damage, the progressive realization of the marine environment and economic, and social development.
5.2.1 strengthen organizational leadership, implement the responsibility system for environmental protection objectives
According to the Qingdao Municipal Government to develop the coastal zone environmental protection plan the goals and tasks, with actual local conditions, develop specific implementation plans, control of major pollutants into the sea total emissions, improve coastal waters environmental quality.
Government should improve the protection of the marine environment, marine environment management with full-time staff, strengthening grass-roots law enforcement ranks the marine environment, enhance law-enforcement forces. Ocean Marine, the fisheries sector should be in accordance with their respective responsibilities and circumstances of the marine environment and improve management. To take measures as soon as possible to reverse the marine environment management tools inadequate, the low level of monitoring, technical equipment and backward situation, improve the management of the marine environment the level of modernization.
5.2.2 enacted laws and regulations, increase the intensity of coastal zone pollution control
Qingdao municipal government should strengthen the legal system, establish and improve the coastal city of Qingdao Environmental Protection regulations. Development of "Qingdao Environmental Protection Coastal Zone Management Regulations" to promote environmental protection and the protection of coastal zone to provide basic legal norms, and further improve the environment for the standard system.
Government to formulate timely policy measures to strengthen environmental management. For example, the city to promote the use of non-phosphorus detergent, ban the sale of the use of phosphorus-containing detergent; release of pesticides and fertilizers pollution control key counties, the list of targets to control, develop a clear mission control corresponding regulations, conducting chemical fertilizers, pesticides, animal husbandry, etc. Non-point source pollution control regional integrated model; new urban sewage treatment facilities to a higher nitrogen, the ability to dephosphorization process; rationale for the upgrading of existing sewage plant efficiency; developing countries under the "eco-tourism management approach", organizations Model eco-tourism, eco-tourism areas to promote the healthy development and strengthening environmental management, strictly control the area of tourism facilities are located, increased tourist areas of sewage, garbage disposal rate, to the development of the tourism industry, tourism officers to increase, tourism pollution does not increase. Part of the tourism revenue to be used for ecological restoration, ecological construction and pollution treatment facilities of the building: the control of moderate size and density of aquaculture, and gradually ban on direct sea water to the coast of fertilization, the establishment of marine aquaculture area.
5.2.3 implementation of overall control, strengthen supervision and management
To strengthen the monitoring of enterprises closed down, suspended, and prevent pollution rebound at the same time strengthen the analysis and assessment of environmental monitoring results, provide the basis for environmental decision-making so that the coastal zone to the successful implementation of environmental protection. Actively promote clean production. After his discharge standards emissions still can not meet the requirements of enterprises, through the implementation of cleaner production, ecological engineering, and other measures to further reduce the emission of pollutants. Strict implementation of environmental management system, strictly enforce the coastal zone environmental function zoning. In coastal waters, in navigation, exploration, development, production, tourism, Branch. Studies and other activities, or in the coastal Land in the coastal waters environmental impact of the activities of any units and individuals, must be consistent with coastal environmental function zoning The request to prohibit any units and individuals arbitrarily change the coastal zone environmental function zoning, and take effective measures to improve the coastal environment.
5.2.4 establish a universal modern coastal zone environmental consciousness
Establish a correct concept of the modern coastal zone environment, a correct understanding of the relationship between man and the sea, the coastal zone to maintain the ecological balance and prevent the deterioration of coastal environment, coastal zone to maintain the health of their own circle. First of all, establish the "harmony between man and nature", "Harmony" the concept of human activities into the entire ecosystem in the coastal zone, to various activities to maintain and protect the ecological balance for the boundaries.
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Coastal Zone pressure on the environment
Land contaminated sea pollution
Agricultural pollution urban industrial pollution shallow water aquaculture port transport
Tourism population lives of ordinary people the number of sewage number of aquaculture farming area
Livestock and Poultry Farm area of farmland fertilizer industrial effluent number of enterprises of the number of dynamic sectors for the type of vessels loading and unloading efficiency
Figure 25 coastal zone environmental pressure decomposition map
5.2 strengthening government management, effective protection of coastal eco-tourism resources
Government to strengthen the environmental protection of coastal zone unified leadership of a planned and step by step to improve the shore
The quality of the marine environment, give full play to various departments and units of the force, positive solution to environmental pollution and coastal waters
Ecological damage, the progressive realization of the marine environment and economic, and social development.
5.2.1 strengthen organizational leadership, implement the responsibility system for environmental protection objectives
According to the Qingdao Municipal Government to develop the coastal zone environmental protection plan the goals and tasks, with actual local conditions, develop specific implementation plans, control of major pollutants into the sea total emissions, improve coastal waters environmental quality.
Government should improve the protection of the marine environment, marine environment management with full-time staff, strengthening grass-roots law enforcement ranks the marine environment, enhance law-enforcement forces. Ocean Marine, the fisheries sector should be in accordance with their respective responsibilities and circumstances of the marine environment and improve management. To take measures as soon as possible to reverse the marine environment management tools inadequate, the low level of monitoring, technical equipment and backward situation, improve the management of the marine environment the level of modernization.
5.2.2 enacted laws and regulations, increase the intensity of coastal zone pollution control
Qingdao municipal government should strengthen the legal system, establish and improve the coastal city of Qingdao Environmental Protection regulations. Development of "Qingdao Environmental Protection Coastal Zone Management Regulations" to promote environmental protection and the protection of coastal zone to provide basic legal norms, and further improve the environment for the standard system.
Government to formulate timely policy measures to strengthen environmental management. For example, the city to promote the use of non-phosphorus detergent, ban the sale of the use of phosphorus-containing detergent; release of pesticides and fertilizers pollution control key counties, the list of targets to control, develop a clear mission control corresponding regulations, conducting chemical fertilizers, pesticides, animal husbandry, etc. Non-point source pollution control regional integrated model; new urban sewage treatment facilities to a higher nitrogen, the ability to dephosphorization process; rationale for the upgrading of existing sewage plant efficiency; developing countries under the "eco-tourism management approach", organizations Model eco-tourism, eco-tourism areas to promote the healthy development and strengthening environmental management, strictly control the area of tourism facilities are located, increased tourist areas of sewage, garbage disposal rate, to the development of the tourism industry, tourism officers to increase, tourism pollution does not increase. Part of the tourism revenue to be used for ecological restoration, ecological construction and pollution treatment facilities of the building: the control of moderate size and density of aquaculture, and gradually ban on direct sea water to the coast of fertilization, the establishment of marine aquaculture area.
5.2.3 implementation of overall control, strengthen supervision and management
To strengthen the monitoring of enterprises closed down, suspended, and prevent pollution rebound at the same time strengthen the analysis and assessment of environmental monitoring results, provide the basis for environmental decision-making so that the coastal zone to the successful implementation of environmental protection. Actively promote clean production. After his discharge standards emissions still can not meet the requirements of enterprises, through the implementation of cleaner production, ecological engineering, and other measures to further reduce the emission of pollutants. Strict implementation of environmental management system, strictly enforce the coastal zone environmental function zoning. In coastal waters, in navigation, exploration, development, production, tourism, Branch. Studies and other activities, or in the coastal Land in the coastal waters environmental impact of the activities of any units and individuals, must be consistent with coastal environmental function zoning The request to prohibit any units and individuals arbitrarily change the coastal zone environmental function zoning, and take effective measures to improve the coastal environment.
5.2.4 establish a universal modern coastal zone environmental consciousness
Establish a correct concept of the modern coastal zone environment, a correct understanding of the relationship between man and the sea, the coastal zone to maintain the ecological balance and prevent the deterioration of coastal environment, coastal zone to maintain the health of their own circle. First of all, establish the "harmony between man and nature", "Harmony" the concept of human activities into the entire ecosystem in the coastal zone, to various activities to maintain and protect the ecological balance for the boundaries.
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