颐和园的导游词

问题描述：

导游词哦

问题解答：

各位游客大家好，我是**旅行社的导游员，我姓*，今天就有我来带领大家共同游览这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望我的讲解能够令各位满意，是我们共同度过这一美好的时光。

　　我们现在即将前往的就是颐和园，利用这一段时间，我向大家简短的介绍一下颐和园的历史以及现在的状况。

　　最早在辽金时代的时候，皇帝就已经开始在北京修建皇家园林了。当时在今天的万寿山昆明湖一带修建了金山行宫，将这里称为金山、金山泊。到了元朝，有将这改名为翁山、翁山泊。而明代初期则改称西湖并修建了园静寺，命名为好山园。到了万历是十六年，也就是1588年，这里已经具有一定的园林规模，享有“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南”的称誉。然而让这里真正成为一处皇家园林的是清代。在康熙年间就曾在此修建行宫，到了乾隆十四年到二十九年，也就是1749~1764年，就在原来的基础上修建了清漪园，扩湖，推山，将湖称为昆明湖，山叫做万寿山。而且这里还成了著名的三山五园之一。和我国古代的大多数皇家建筑一样，这里也没能躲过入侵者的践踏，在1860年这里被英法联军抢掠并且烧毁了。过了一些年，慈禧太后挪用了海军经费对这里进行了重建，而且光绪皇帝下昭将这里改名为颐和园。可是在1900年的时候，颐和园又再次遭到了八国联军（俄英法德意日美奥）的严重破坏。从此之后对这里所进行的重修，因为财力不足，所以后山部分长期都没有修复。到了1912年，依照清史的优待条件，颐和园仍然掌握在逊帝溥仪手中。过了两年，这里曾作为他的私人财产一度开放，但是因为交通不便票价昂贵等原因，没什么人来。在1924年溥仪被逐出颐和园后，北洋政府将这里正式改为对外开放的公园。1948年12月，人民政府接受这里后，经过综合治理，仍然保持着其皇家园林的风貌。而且这里还成为了世界上造景丰富、建筑集中、保存最完整的皇家园林。

　　我们即将所看到的颐和园共占地290公顷，其中陆地四分之一，水面达到了四分之三。根据皇家园林建园的用途和特点，可将颐和园景区分为政治活动区，帝后生活区和风景游览区三个部分。

　　来到了东宫门，我们本次的游览也就正式开始了。

　　在东宫门外，有一座“涵虚”、“罨yan秀”的牌楼。其中涵虚的意思是天地开阔，山清水秀，包罗万象。罨秀是有捕捉美丽景色之意。而东宫门也是颐和园的正门。门上高悬的颐和园的匾额就是光绪皇帝的手书。颐和二字则取颐养精神、心情平和的意思。

　　进入东宫门，我们首先来到的便是颐和园的政治活动区。南侧对称排列着南北九卿房，是清朝九卿六部值班的地方。在往前行，便来到了仁寿门，迎面看到的这五块太湖石叫作峰虚五老，寓意长寿。而在汉白玉须弥座上的这只铜制怪兽，人称麒麟，俗称四不象，是龙九子之一，象征吉祥富贵。在殿前还陈设有两对龙凤造型的铜香炉，在朝里活动中是用来点香，渲染气氛的。按古代礼制，龙居中，象征皇帝，凤在两侧，象征皇后。而在这里，却是龙在两侧，这与清朝末年慈禧太后垂帘听政不无关系，突出了凤的地位。

　　我们面前这座雄伟的建筑就是仁寿殿。其实在乾隆年间的时候，规定凡是当朝的大殿就要叫做“勤政殿”，意思是游园不要忘了勤理政务。到了颐和园的时候，便将这里改为仁寿殿，取自孔子论语中的“仁者寿”，意思是施仁政的人可以长寿。现在，仁寿殿的陈设和原状是基本一致的。殿内的地平床上有九龙宝座。它后面还设有紫檀木九龙屏风，屏风以紫檀木为框架，雕有九条闹龙，中心是玻璃镜，镜面上写有226个不同写法的寿字。在宝座四周，还设有掌扇，角端等。其中角端是传说中异兽，实际用处其实就是香炉。而殿内两侧的暖阁，是慈禧光绪还有王宫大臣休息的地方，当中有一幅百蝠图的缂丝工艺品，中间还有一个慈禧亲笔写的寿字，因为蝠与福同音，所以这幅工艺品也被称为百福捧寿。这个玻璃风景台屏是用翠鸟的羽毛粘制而成的，大家可以看到，这个乾隆年间的作品虽然历经二百多年可是还是色彩依旧。

　　穿过仁寿殿我们就来到了当年光绪皇帝和慈禧太后看戏的场所——德和园，取自左转“君子听之以平其心，心平德和”，意思是听了美好的曲子，就会心地平和，达到道德高尚的境界。德和园的大戏楼是清代三大戏楼中最大的，结构严谨，十分的壮观，高21米，低台宽17米，分为三层，自上而下分别是福台，禄台和寿台。在寿台地板上还有一口深井，四眼干土井。各层地板都可以开合。在开启时，天井和地井沟通，顶部有绞车牵引，可以是剧中的神仙鬼怪在舞台上天入地，寿台下面的井还可以起到声音共鸣的作用，使演员声音更加洪亮，水井还可以用于表演龙口喷水等景观。除此之外，还设有扮戏楼，共演员化妆用的。现在我们所看到的展示戏装，陈设慈禧的奔驰车的地方就是当时的扮戏楼。

　　在戏台的对面，是颐乐殿以及东西侧的廊子，这里就是当时帝后和王宫大臣们看戏的地方。殿内正中设有金漆珐琅百鸟朝凤宝座，是慈禧受贺时用的，凤为百鸟之王，把这个屏风放在颐乐殿，暗喻了慈禧太后的权威。当年王宫大臣看戏的廊房现在已经被开辟为颐和园文物展览室，东侧是慈禧太后的服饰以及生活用品，西侧则是制作精美的工艺品。

　　在我国古代，有首诗曾经写到“山重水覆疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”。我们现在来到的仁寿殿后的假山中，便能体会其中的含义。这里运用了我国造园艺术中的抑景法。开始，这里好像已经没有路可以走了，可是随着不断的前进，豁然开朗，在我们前面有出现了一碧千倾的昆明湖。

　　昆明湖原来是一个由泉水汇聚而成的湖泊，叫西海，面积还没有现在的一半大。到了乾隆年间修建园林的时候，将这里进行了改造，形成了今天的湖泊，而这里为什么叫做昆明湖呢？这是因为在距今2000多年的西汉时期，云南滇池有个小国叫做昆明国，汉武帝为征伐那里，在首都长安开凿了一个仿滇池的昆明池，操练水军。乾隆皇帝根据这个典故，将西海改为昆明湖，并效仿汉武帝在这里演习水师，这就是昆明湖名称的由来。而当时改建昆明湖所挖出的淤泥全都堆在了翁山，是原来的小土丘增高和扩展了不少，乾隆皇帝在为母亲祝寿的时候，在山上园静寺的遗址上兴建了大报恩延寿寺，并将翁山赐名万寿山，取意长寿。在不远处有一个小岛上种的全都是桃柳，上边有一个亭子叫做知春亭，古人云：“竹外桃花三两只，春江水暖鸭先知”，每年春天来到的时候，这里就是颐和园中最早报春的地方。

　　我们看到这组建筑别致、环境幽雅的四合院叫做玉澜堂，出自晋代诗人陆机：“玉泉涌微澜”的诗句，这里就是光绪皇帝来颐和园是居住的地方。既然说到了这里，就有必要提及一下戊戌变法。爱新觉罗·载湉(tian)就是清朝的第九个皇帝，也就是慈禧的侄子，光绪皇帝。同治皇帝死了以后，慈禧太后为了能够继续掌权，所以就让、四岁的载湉当皇帝，而她则再度垂帘听政。到了光绪19岁亲政以后，宫廷内保守派和维新派在政治上起了冲突。1898年，维新派代表人物康有为，梁启超，谭嗣同等人通过光绪皇帝实行变法，史称“戊戌变法”，由于这次变法运动只持续了103天，就被以慈禧太后位代表的保守派所扼杀，所以也叫“百日维新”。变法失败以后，光绪被软禁在了南海的瀛台岛上，每年慈禧来到颐和园，他也必须一同前来，住在玉澜堂。为了控制光绪的一举一动，慈禧太后命仁在玉澜堂周围修筑了不少砖墙，门口还有太监把守，此时的玉澜堂好像一个与世隔绝的地方，不过到了现在，原来的砖墙已经基本拆除了，基本上恢复了以前的面貌，只有玉澜堂东西配殿内的砖墙仍然保持原来的样子，作为有关变法的遗迹供游人参观。在玉澜堂殿内有乾隆时候制作的地平床，宝座，屏风，香几等等，东暖阁是光绪的早餐室，西暖阁就是寝室，殿外东侧是书房，西侧是洗手间，浴室以及更衣的地方。殿内的御案是紫檀木框架，以沉香木为中心，做工十分精美。围屏是用两层玻璃合成的，上边既有中国山水画，也有西洋的风景画，颜料是用天然宝石研磨而成的，至今色彩依然艳丽。前层玻璃的背面画有前景和中景，后层玻璃的正面有中景和远景，两层之间相隔一段距离，立体感极强。而殿中“复殿留景”的匾额意思就是深宫中住着圣明之君的意思。

　　在玉澜堂的后边就是宜芸馆，宜芸是适于藏书的地方。正殿就是光绪的皇后隆裕居住的地方，西配殿曾经是光绪宠爱的妃子珍妃的住所。在戊戌变法失败以后，慈禧命令隆裕皇后住到石丈亭北西四所的第一所，让珍妃住到第二所，这以后，光绪皇帝想见到自己的内人都很困难了。

　　出了宜芸馆，我们就来到了乐寿堂。乐寿是出自《论语》中“智者乐，仁者寿”，意思是说，这里就是仁者智者居住的地方。乐寿堂是生活区里的主要建筑，在乾隆年间，这里是乾隆母亲纽钴禄氏居住在这里，光绪年间，慈禧太后就住在这里。
　　通过了水木自亲，也就是乐寿堂的正门，我们也就进入了庭院。可以看到在庭院中陈设乐很多的东西。铜鹿、铜鹤、铜花瓶，分别借鹿、鹤、瓶的谐音，取意“六合太平”，意思是天下太平。园内还种植有玉兰、海棠、牡丹，取意“玉堂富贵”。中间的这块太湖石，因为形状像灵芝，所以叫做“青芝岫”。其实它还有个名字叫做败家石，这是因为在明朝有个人非常喜欢石头的人叫米万钟，在房山看中了这块石头，要将它放入海淀的勺园当中，可是在因为种种不利因素，推托说耗尽财力，将它丢在了路边，后来，乾隆皇帝在从清西陵返回京城的途中看到了这块石头，所以将它运到乐寿堂。在乐寿堂殿内有以玻璃镜子为中心的紫檀木屏风，上边还镶嵌有贝雕饰物。镏金九桃大熏炉是用来焚烧檀香的，起到调节室内空气的作用。桌子上的两个青花大瓷盘是清代青花瓷的代表作，用来盛放水果供慈禧观赏和闻香气。在殿内东西两侧还有百鸟朝凤，孔雀开屏两副坐屏，都是粤绣精品。殿顶悬挂的五彩玻璃吊灯，是1903年从德国进口的，它是我国早期的电灯之一，发电机安装在文昌阁附近。在慈禧太后吃点心和品茶的时候，还可以观赏鱼桌，它是以金星紫檀木坐框架，镶有玻璃台面，桌子里边还镶嵌着用珍贵材料镂空雕琢的山水人物和亭台楼阁，密封性良好，可以养金鱼。殿内“慈晖懿祉”的匾额意思是：受母后之深恩，托母后之洪福。

　　乐寿堂的西跨院叫扬仁风，庭院内的建筑极具江南园林特色。在园内北面的正中山坡上，有扇面形状的“扇面殿”，殿前地面使用汉白玉砌成的扇骨、山轴，整座殿堂好像一把打开的折扇。

　　从这里出来，我们就走上了连接万寿山与昆明湖的长廊。它东起邀月门，西止石丈亭，全长728米，共273间。由于长廊的地基是随着万寿山地势高低而起伏的，所以廊身的走向是以昆明湖北岸的弯曲而变化的，在地势高低和变向的连接点上，还建有四个亭子代表春夏秋冬，分别是留佳寄澜秋水和清遥，设计十分的巧妙。长廊是我国园林中最长的游廊，也有画廊之称。这是因为在廊中共有苏式彩绘1.4万多幅，而且很少重复。其中有关于西湖风光的546幅，是乾隆十五年建造长廊时，命人到杭州临摹回来画上的。人物画多采用了我国古典文学名著，比如《西游记》、《三国演义》、《红楼梦》等等，所设计的内容时间跨度非常大，从三皇五帝到清朝，上下五千年，可以说的上是我国文化史的一个缩影，在1900年的时候，这里被《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》评为全球画廊之冠。

　　走出了长廊，我们就来到了以排云点为中心的祝寿庆典区，这里是万寿山前山最宏伟的一组建筑，构成了万寿山的中轴线。这条中轴线从临湖码头到山顶的智慧海，分布有排云门、排云殿、佛香阁、众香界、智慧海等主要建筑。

　　排云殿建在乾隆年间大报恩延寿寺中大雄宝殿的遗址上，是慈禧太后过生日时接受百官朝贺的地方。排云出自晋代诗人郭璞：“神仙排云出，但见金银台”的诗句。
　　在殿内，除了宝座，屏风等常规陈设以外，还有一些渲染气氛的特殊陈设，比如用台湾乌木雕刻的屏风，沉香木雕刻的寿字，圆镜插屏，金漆梅花树船和桦木根雕群仙祝寿。在祝寿的时候，二品以上的官员跪拜在排云门内，而三品以下者则在门外，光绪皇帝在二宫门正中跪拜，慈禧则坐在正殿内的九龙宝座上接受拜贺，可见慈禧太后当时地位之高。

　　(“蕃厘经纬”的匾额意思是幸福无边)

　　佛香阁、众香界和智慧海是乾隆年间大报恩延寿寺的一部分

　　佛香阁建于乾隆二十三年，也就是1758年，在光绪十七年的时候重建，耗费了银两78万多两，是颐和园当中花费最多的工程。它是全园建筑的中心，以8根铁梨木为支柱，支撑着41米高的三层，八面，四重檐的阁楼，艺术水准非常高，原来在这里供奉有5米多高的金身佛香。

　　智慧海在外寿山的最高处，建于乾隆年间，名称来自《无量寿经》中“如来智慧海，身府无崖底。”意思是如来佛智慧如海，佛法无边。这里是一座用琉璃砖瓦和石料建成的两层无梁殿，原来供奉有无量寿佛，外壁上还嵌着1008尊小佛，虽然在1860年英法联军入侵的时候殿堂没有被烧毁，但是这些佛像却遭到了破坏

Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
My name is Joanne. I’m very honored to be youre guide. I do hope all
of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant
day. This morning we are going to visit the Summer Palace.
The Summer Palace is located on the northwest suburbs of Beijing,
about 20 kilometers away from the center of the city. So it will
take us about 1 hour to get there. Before we arrived at the Summer
Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the
woderful imperial garden. The Summer Palace is the most beautiful
and the largest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the
best-preserved imperial garden in the world. In 1998, it was placed
on the List of World Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO.
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the
beginning of 12th century in the Jin Dynasty.

The construction
continued to the Yuan and Ming dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, the
building of imperial gardens reached its culmination. During Emperor
Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’ were
built on the northwest suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace was a
part of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear Ripples.
In 1860, the Anglo-French Allied Forces invaded Beijing. The ‘Three
Hills and Five Gardens’ were burnt down to ashes.
In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the
Garden of Clear Ripples rebuilt. And then she renamed it the Garden
of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace).
In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded Beijing. The
Summer Palace was once again severely damaged. It was rebuilt again
in 1902.
In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after
that, the Summer Palace was turned

into a public park.
Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an
archway. It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”,
and it is the first scenery of the Summer Palace. The two Chinese
words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to
everything in nature and in the scenery. The two words on the back
side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to the tranquility of
the beautiful scenery just within the garden.
(outside the East Palace Gate)
Now, we have arrived at the East Palace Gate. It’s the main entrance
of the Summer Palace. On top of the gate there is a plaque with
three Chinese characters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s
handwriting. The gate that we are now entering was used by the
emperor, the empress only in the old days.
(Inside the East Palace Gate)
Now we are inside the Summer&nb

sp;Palace. In front of us is the second
gate of the Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity.
The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and
the offices of the Privy Council. Well, Before we start our tour in
the garden, I will briefly introduce you the layout of the Summer
Palace and our tour route. O.K., ladies and gentlemen, may I have
your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we
can see the Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the
lake occupies the three-fourths. The whole garden can be divide into
three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places
of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing areas. Our tour will
start from the area of the political activities, and end off the
Marble Boat. On the way, we will visit the main constructions of the
Summer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples,&nbs

p;the Hall of
Happiness and Longevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling
Clouds and so on. It will take us about two hours to visit the
Summer Palace. Please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver
will pick us up at the North Gate. Should you get lost or separated
from the group, please meet us at the North Gate.
Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the
Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. Follow me please.
(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)
Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have
already entered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and
Longevity. The huge rock in front of us is Taihu Rock. It was
quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, so it was known as
Taihu Rock. Please look around the courtyard and you can see there
are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of&nb

sp;this
courtyard, representing the four seasons of the year. The Taihu
Rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and
they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in characters.
The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni
or some people call it Qilin. According to ancient Chinese
mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real
dragon. Suanni was one of the nine sons of the dragon. It was an
auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient lengeds.
Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox
and the tail of lion.
(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. It was
first built in 1750. The name of this hall taken from a book
entitled ‘Lun Yu’ by Confucius doctrine means, “ those who are
benevolent can

enjoy a long life.” This hall was the place where
Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi held audience and handled
state affairs when they were in the Summer Palace. For protecting
the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the hall. So I
would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of
Benevolence and Longevity. The arrangement of the hall has been left
untouched. In the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne
carved with nine dragons on design. There are two big fans on both
sides behind the throne which are made of peacock feathers. Behind
the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame
and glass mirror inlaid. On the mirror there are 226 Chinese
characters of the word ‘Longevity’ written in different styles.
There are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big Chinese
character ‘Longevity’ written on it. It was said that the word

‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager Cixi. There are 100 bats
painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing happiness.
Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape
of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the hall. They were used to
burn incense sticks to create the appropriate atmosphere. In the old
days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and
empress. According to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the
center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the hall.
However, here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes
are in the middle. This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty
when Empress Dowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the screen.
(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)
We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor
Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with

Bejing Opera
performances. It mainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand
Theater Building and the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Grand Theater
Building was known as the ‘Cradle of Beijing Opera’ was uniquely
laid out and magnificently decorated. There are 7 exhibition halls
with articles of daily use on display here.
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
This is the Grand Theater Building. Of the three main theater
buildings of the Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the
tallest and largest one. The other two are Changyin Pavilion in the
Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion in the Mountain Resort in
Chengde. The Grand Theater Building, a three-storied structure, has
a double roof with upturned eaves. It is 21 meters high and 17
meters wide. Performances could be staged simultaneously on three
levels. The top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was
emolument level

and the bottom stage was named longevity stage. Each
level has the entrance and the exit. There are some trapdoors in the
ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from
the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a
certain atmosphere on the stage. There is also a well and five ponds
built under the stage for a good effect of water scenes. The stage
is open to three sides.
Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the
Grand Theater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure Smile. The Empress
Dowager Cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the
Peking Opera.
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of
Jade Ripples)
We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall of
Benevolence and Longevity. It appears that there’s nothing special
ahead. However,&

nbsp;after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming
Lake. This is an application of a specific style of Chinese
gardening.
Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Lake. Look over
there, not far away in the lake there is an islet. It’s called the
Spring Heralding Islet. The pavilion on the islet is called the
Spring Heralding Pavilion. A number of willow trees and peach trees
were planted on this islet. In early spring, when the ice begins to
melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a
tender green signaling that the early spring has returned. Hence the
name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of
Jade Ripples. The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle
ripples gushing out of Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling
water in

;the lake. It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend
to state affairs. In the late Qing Dynasty, it was where Emperor
Guangxu was put under house arrest.
This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of 1898. Emperor Guangxu was
Emperor Dowager Cixi’s nephew. After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor
Dowager Cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a
successor in order to continue her hold on imperial power. She
‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. After Emperor Guangxu
‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political
conflict occurred between the conservatives and the reformers. In
1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the
core principles of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated laws.
The movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress
Dowager Cixi. It was called the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the
reform failed, Emperor&nb

sp;Guangxu was put under house arrest here. For
the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered to build
many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of
the Hall of Jade Ripples. At that time the hall was entirely sealed
up, just like a prison. Today only the hidden walls in the east and
west annex room still maintain its original appearance. It is open
to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 Reform Movement.
(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)
This is the Chamber of Collecting Books. In Chinese, it’s called “Yi
Yun Guang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant weed. In ancient times, it
was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were
stored.In the Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was
for collecting books. Later it was converted into a residence. There
used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu, and his &nb

sp;
favorite concubine Zhenfei.
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and Longevity. It
was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the
residence of Empress Dowager Cixi. The whole compound was basically
made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and lighting. With its
quiet and tasteful layout, the Hall of Happiness and Longevity made
life very easy and convenient. In front of the Hall of Happiness and
Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this
courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy
Rock”. This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming
official Mi Wanzhong. He wanted to transport it to his own garden
“Shaoyuan”. In the old days, transporting such rock was very
difficult. After spending all his money to ship it, he still could
not succeed in doing

this. The big rock was then left on the
roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest
of Beijing. Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later
Emperor Qianlong discovered it and transported to the Garden of
Clear Ripples and laid in front of the Hall of Happiness and
Longevity. The colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall
was introduced from Germany in 1903. It is one of the earliest
electric lights in China.
(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)
Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums
in the world, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great
Britain. Now I will show you a special gallery in the palace—the
Long Corridor. In 1990, the Long Corridor was listed in the Guinness
Book of World Records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the
world’. It would be a pity if we

leave the Summer Palace without
visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Boat. Now, here we go, the
Long Corridor first!
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the
Shizhang Gate. It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 sections.
The Long corridor is one of the major structures of the Summer
Palace. Since the corridor was designed to follow the physical
features of the southern slope of Longevity Hill, four
multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the Goodness
Pavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion,
Clear and Far Pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they
represent four seaons of a year. Thus visitors will hardly notice
the rise and fall of the terrain. As a major part of the
architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridor serves
as an ingenious connector between the Lake&nbs

p;and the Hill. Scattered
buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified
complex.
The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese
garden. On the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are
over 14,000 Suzhou style paintings. Among them, there are 546 color
paintings relating to the scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Province. Beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there
are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and
figures. The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient
Chinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The
Romance of the Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water
Margin’, and ‘The Dream of the Red Mansion’.
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the
lakeside slope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall&n

bsp;of
Dispelling Clouds. The central axis line starts from the wharf next
to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom on top of the Hill. The main
architectural structures here are the Gate of Dispelling Clouds,
Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and the Sea of
Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional
landscape. The layout of this group of architectures was based on
scenes described in Buddhist sutras. This group of structures are
among the most magnificently constructed here in the Summer Palace.
This is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about
15 minutes.
Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next
scene we are going to visit is Marble Boat.
Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of
Listening to Orioles. It was the place for emperor and empress to
enjoy opera and court music. It is&

nbsp;said the singing of orioles is
very pleasing. Before the Garden of Virtuous Harmony was built,
Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music here. Now the hall is
one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperial
dishes and desserts.
This is the famous Marble Boat. A famous scientist of China’s
Eastern Han Dynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can
also tip it over.” A prime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once
used these words to persuade Li Shimin, the emperor of the Tang
Dynasty. He said people are water and the emperor is the boat.
People can support a good emperor. However, they also can overthrow
the dynasty. Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden in
order to make the allusion concrete. On one hand, Emperor Qianlong
encouraged himself to run the country well. On the other hand, he
wanted to show that his rule of the Qi

ng Dynasty was as firm as the
Marble Boat and there was no fear of overturning the boat. The
Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong to sample tea and
enjoy the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong once came here
to engage in the freeing of captive animals. In the times of
Qianlong, the Marble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a
Chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of it. When it was
rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, a foreign and Chinese elements
mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each
side. The floor was paved with colored bricks. All of the windows
were inlaid with multiple-colored glass. A big mirror was installed
on the superstructure for viewing rain.
Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Boat.
Today we only visited the major scenic spots of the Summer Palace. I
have left oth

er spots of interest for your next visit.
I will now show you out through the Ruyi Gate. Our coach is waiting
for us outside the gate. I do hope you enjoyed today’s tour. Thank
you

颐和园位于北京西北郊早在元明时一期这里就以其优美自然的田园景色成为“壮观神州第一”的著名游览胜地。该园原名好山园清乾隆十五年(公元1750年)更名清漪园，咸丰十年(公元l860年)与圆明园同毁于英法联军的大火光绪十二年(公元1886年)慈祥太后挪用海军经费等其他银两，在清漪园废墟上重新修建并于光绪十四年(公元1888年)更至今名。1911年辛亥革命推翻清王朝建立民国。根据袁世凯与清廷签定的《优待清室条件))，颐和园仍由清室内务府管理。1914年，作为溥仪的私产该园首次售票开放供游人游览。
颐和园园区主要由北部的万寿山和南部的昆明湖组成，总占地近300公顷其中水面占3/4。该园因集中国历代造园艺术之精粹，1998年12月以“世界几大文明之一的有力象征“的崇高评价荣列《世界遗产名录》，成为世界级的文化瑰宝。
万寿山元代叫瓮山因其山形似瓮而得名。弘治七年(公元1494年)，明神宗朱栩钧乳母圣夫人罗氏出资在瓮山南坡的中央邵位因地制宜兴建圆静寺。乾隆十六年适逢皇太后钮枯禄氏六十整寿，一向标榜‘’孝治天下“的弘历为庆祝母后寿辰于乾隆十五年(公元1750年)选择瓮山圆静寺旧址兴建大型佛寺“大报恩延寿寺”。同年3月13日发布上谕改瓮山名为万寿山山上的佛香阁为全园的最高处，内供有铜铸佛像昔为朔望喇嘛捧经之所。
昆明湖元代叫瓮山泊俗称七里泊或大泊湖明代改称西湖。其水源汇聚玉泉山诸泉眼的泉水困后来水系工程的需要于乾隆十四年(公元1749年)重加疏浚，并于乾隆十五年弘历在易名万寿山的同一份上谕中正式宣布易西湖之名为昆明湖至今。湖上点缀着园中著名的景点十七孔桥和玉带桥。

昆明湖原为北京西北郊众多泉水汇聚成的天然湖泊，曾有七里泺、大泊湖等名称。后因万寿山前身有瓮山之名，又称瓮山泊。元代定都北京后，为兴漕运，经水利学家郭守敬主持，开发上游水源，引昌平神山泉水及沿途流水注入湖中，成为大都城内接济漕运的水库。明代湖中多植荷花，周围水田种植稻谷，湖旁又有寺院、亭台之胜，酷似江南风景，遂有"西湖"、"西湖景"之誉。明武宗、明神宗都曾在此泛舟钓鱼取乐。清乾隆建清漪园时，将湖开拓，成为现在的规模，并取汉武帝在长安开凿昆明池操演水战的故事，命名昆明湖，每年夏天在湖上练武演操。

1