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Guiyuan Temple
Chinese Buddhist temples are never single buildings. They always consist of a group buildings following a fundamental patter, which can, however, be modified. The main buildings and their symmetrically corresponding secondary buildings form individual groups and courtyards. The entire temple complex is spacious. The building inside the complex are usually single-storied and the main halls are sometimes decorated with a double roof. The towers, pavilions and halls can be multi-storied structures.
The Chinese temple complex has been subject to great structural changes throughout the centuries. But temple architects follow the basic principles of secular structures from the Tang Dynasty onwards. The complexes stand on a central axis, usually a north-south axis: east-west only as an exception. (Guiyuan Temple is just the very exception.) The main buildings are strung along this central axis, their broadest sides facing south or east.
The most important and most frequently presented building inside a Buddhist temple complex are the main entrance gate, the bell and drum towers, the Hall of the Heavenly Kings, the Hall of the Buddha and a pagoda.
Buddhism is said to be founded in India in the 6th century BC by Siddatha Gautama (BC565 –BC486), the son of a nobleman and member of the Kshatriya caste near the present borders of India and Nepal. Buddhism advocates that all the people are created equal and turns against the caste system of Brahmanism, so it was popular with the common people.
It was said that Buddhism was spread to China in 2 BC. At the beginning, it was only regarded as a kind of witch. About 200 AD, Chinese version of Buddhist s criptures began to appear, and thus, Buddhist doctrines began to emerge with traditional Chinese religious thought. From 2nd century to late 6th century, translation and research of Buddhist sects with Chinese characteristics were becoming more and more popular and many temples were built, which reached its peak in Sui Dynasty (581AD-617AD) and Tang Dynasty (618-907). Some Buddhist sects with Chinese characteristics came into being. Buddhism exerts a great influence on Chinese philosophy, literature, art and folk customs.
What is presented before our eyes is a copper statue of a famous bodhisattva in Hynayana Buddhism. Bodhisattva is a tittle which is only next to Buddha. This statue is the image of Avalokitesvara, which has been popular with Chinese people or more than 1,000 years. She is called the Goddess of Mercy cordially by Chinese and is regarded as the symbol of kindness, mercy and benevolence. When we visit the Avalokitesvara Pavilion after a while, I will give a detailed introduction about her. This copper statue was sent to Guiyuan Temple by Taiwan Buddhists in September 1990. It shows that all Chinese, whether in the mainland or in Taiwan, are eager for the reunion of the country, even including religion believers.
The building we see now is the Buddha Hall where one certain Buddha and his two assistant bodhisattvases are worshiped. This Buddha is Amitabha Buddha. Amitabha means incomparable brightness. According to Buddhism, time and space is limitless and thus there are many many Buddhas in different spaces and times. But in a certain space or in a certain period of time, there is only one certain Buddha who is in charge of instructing all living creatures. Amitabha Buddha is the Buddha who presides over the Land of Ultimate Bliss in the west, which will come in the future. Buddhist s criptures describe the Land of Ultimate Bliss as a wonderland, in which no pain exists and the people enjoy their lives. In one word, it’s very attractive. Some people will think it must be very difficult to enter such a world. How can I go to such a paradise? Maybe I have to work hard and bear a lot of sufferings. In fact, it’s very easy to enter the world. He only need often murmur ‘May Buddha preserve us’ sincerely. It’s enough.
You see, the statue in the middle is the very Buddha. On his left is the Goddess of Mercy. On his right is the other bodhisattva who follows the Buddha. It is said that he can save all the living creatures from three kinds of terrible disasters.
Now, let’s step into the Buddhist s criptures Pavilion where the s criptures of Buddhism are kept. But I ‘m afraid what attracts our attention at the first sight must be this snow-white statue. It is a statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. This statue was carved out of a big piece of jade which is 2-meter-tall and weighs 3 tons. It was carved by Myanmar handicraftsmen and donated to the temple by the Rangoon Buddhists in 1935.
If we watch the statue, we may sense that the peaceful expression on the Buddha’s face has brought us to a quiet and harmonious state.
The last building we will visit is the Avalokitesvara Pavilion in the north yard. When we entered the yard just now we saw a statue of her. Now I’d like to introduce her carefully.
As a goddess, she swore that she would not become a Buddha until all the living creatures suffering from pains were saved. So she became a bodhisattva who is most popular among the people and attracts the most believers of all the gods and goddesses in Buddhism. It was said that one would be saved from trouble and disaster as long as he (she) chanted her name and if it was heard by her. Thus she is called Guanshiyin, which means ‘hearing or looking on the voices of the suffering’. Because of her kind heart and benevolence she got another title ‘the Goddess of Mercy’.
According to Buddhism, bodhisattvases have no distinction of sex, that is, they are neither male nor female, because they are immortals. But it’s very strange and interesting that most of bodhisattvases were engraved or carved in the images of various kinds of men in human society. Changes didn’t take place until an emperor’s mother thought it was inconvenient to worship a male bodhisattva in her bedroom. From then on, Guanshiyin, the bodhisattvas began to appear before her believers in the image of a beautiful and elegant lady.
We’ll pay a visit to a very serious, sacred place. Generally, the place is regarded as the most holy by Buddhists. It is the Grand Hall, where the founder of Buddhism, Sakyamuni is worshiped. It is always the center of a Buddhist temple in construction and in Buddhists’ mind.
The statue in the middle is Sakyamuni. According to Buddhism his mother gave birth to him in a garden. He belonged to Kshatreya Caste. He married his cousin when he was 16 or 17 years old. At the age of 29, he was confronted with the sights of an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a wandering ascetic. With eyes opened to aspects of life newly revealed to him, he broke from the material world and became an ascetic. Six years later, he gave up mystic concentration that at last brought him enlightenment under a bo tree. He then founded an order of mendicants and spent his next 45 years preaching his ideas until his death.
These two statue beside the Buddha are his two disciples. The one on the right was said to be Sakyamuni’s cousin and he had good memory so that he could remember all the Buddha told his disciples. The one on the left was said to be the lord of Brahmnism and he once was Sakyamuni’s tutor. But afterwards he was convinced by Buddhism after long-term debate between Buddhism and other religions and he accepted Sakyamuni as his tutor. Thus he became the eldest one of all Sakyamuni’s disciples.
Next, we’ll pay a visit to the Ahrat Hall in the south court.
The Ahrat Hall is an important structure in a Buddhist temple. But not all temples have an Ahrat Hall, especially, well-kept Ahrat Halls are very rare in China. This one is among them, and what’s more, it has its own unique characteristics.
Generally, an Ahrat Hall is a square building. The building is subdivided into four small square courts so that the hall can get enough sunlight. This kind of structure show some lucky implies in Chinese Buddhist culture.
Another characteristic about the hall lies in these sculptures themselves. They were neither made up of wood, nor stone, nor clay. A special way was taken in making them, which could prevents them from being burned, being soaked or being eaten by insects. All the sculptures were floating in water while Wuhan was flooded in 1954, but, surprisingly, they were sound and safe after the flood had receded. It was really a wonder.
Ahrats are the immortals in Buddhism. But when you have a look around the sculptures, you may find from the expressions on their faces that they are so familiar to you. That’s only because they were molded on the basis of the people in the reality, so they are human beings in our daily life rather than immortals.
Ahrats are the symbols of harmony, happiness, and good luck, so the Wuhan natives have got used to counting ahrats since ancient time to pray for peace. There are a few ways of counting ahrats. We can count from the first ahrat from left to right or from right to left, when we just enter the hall. We can also choose any ahrat as our starting point, and count in the same way, left to right or right to left. We should base counting on our own ages whatever we take. For example, I’m 25, so I should stop in front of the 25th ahrat from the starting ahrat. The sculpture in front of which I stop is my lucky ahrat. My lucky ahrat will accompany me to spend a peaceful and lucky year. Wouldn’t you like to have a try now? If you need, I can explain connotation of some ahrats.
That’s all for the explanation to Guiyuan Temple. Thank you for your cooperation and understanding. You will have another 30 minutes to have a look around the temple. If you have any problems, do let me know. I would like to repeat our bus number, A3074. Please don’t forget. See you later.
East Lake Is located the Wuchang eastern suburb, takes its position toname as the East Lake scenic spot, presently for the national levelscenic spot, by Guo Zheng Hu, the fruit lake, Yu Jiahu, Tang Hu, thecow Lake Chaohu five lakes is composed. It is a natural lake, thenatural environment superior, in 48,000 Chinese acres waters, growsthe fish 18 branches 67 kinds, in the fresh water fish is being mostprecious by the megalobrama amblycephala. The East Lake main tour spot is the fable garden, the musicalfountain, walks along chanting the Chinese style pavilion, daytimebuilding, nine female pillars, lake light Chinese style pavilion,Moshan new scenic area. The fable garden was national first take China ancient times the fablestory as the theme sculpture garden, was located East Lake to listento the Tao area south side, the area 4.4 hectares, has completed"bullies the weak by relying on powerful connections", "where there isa will there is a way", "is self-contradictory" and so on 11 groups offables sculpture. Walks along chanting the Chinese style pavilion to be located westEast Lake north shore on the middle island, in 1955 constructed,around it surrounded by water, by the Dutch wind, fell the feather twobridges and the land route is connected. The Chinese style pavilion isthe reinforced concrete imitates the wood construction, the height22.5 meters, the plane presents the square shape, three four jiaoaccumulate the apex, antique. Walks along chanting the Chinese stylepavilion vigorously to be pretty, quite rich national gracefulbearing. In front of the Chinese style pavilion sets up the Qu Yuanwhole body cast, likes the height 3.6 meters solemnly, the base height3.2 meters, the modelling is dignified, Qu Yuan raises the head to theday, leisurely wants step. Daytime the building, is has the national characteristic the palacetype construction, in 1956 constructed about, for the brick woodencement structure, the green jade tile upturned eave, was divided two,surface extravagant seven, depth of a house two. The entire buildingmay hold thousand people simultaneously to go to eat drinks tea, thetourist depends on the window to look out into the distance, the oceanwaves ten thousand area units, have fly together with theorphaned duck, autumn waters altogether daytime a color" feeling. Nine female pillars, are located on the East Lake northwest smallmassif, hands down the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom seizes when Wuchangmany women to enlist in the military, latter captures the citywantonly to slaughter, has the enlisted woman nine people, heroicalsacrifice. The countryman admires their heroic deed, buries husbandand wife together its remains at this, because evades the Qinggovernment to persecute, therefore the unequal grave calls the pillar. The lake light Chinese style pavilion constructs on the island,is connected by ten miles causeways and the land, the original name"center the pavilion", in 1931 for commemorated the Chiang Kai-Shek 50birthdays to construct, latter renamed "the lake light Chinese stylepavilion". The Chinese style pavilion is three six, the upturned eavegreen tile, ascends the Chinese style pavilion to look in alldirections, the pleasure boat lightly moves, picture 11,000. The foggyday, a water and sky color, the lake light high tower, resembles thePenglai fairyland, makes one yearn for all. The Moshan is located the East Lake east bank, three surrounded bywater, six peaks are connected, the scenery relies on one another,usually has "ten mile Chang Lake, eight mile Moshan" name. North themountain has take the Chu culture as connotation Chu culture YouJianqu; Shannan has by a lake water area plant primarily 13 plantsspecially kind of garden; West the mountain top has commemorates ZhuDe Zhu Beiting which writes a few words of appreciation for East Lake.The Moshan scenic area starts from the north, constructs in turn hasthe Chu day, the Tientai dawn, Chang Chunhua the park, Zhu Beisonggathers and so on as far as the eye can see four scenery. Is the Wuhanresident holiday leisure good destination.
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