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一
Buddhist Temple Temple should be released Jiata County in Shanxi Province, the county seat should be within the Northwest Shuozhou Temple Buddha Temple, commonly known as the Ying County Wooden Pagoda. Years built in the Liao Ning Qing (AD 1056), Jin Mingchang six years (AD 1195) upgrading is completed. Is the highest and most ancient of the existing wooden tower of a building, a wooden structure is the only pavilion-style tower, a national key cultural relics protection units.
Wooden Pagoda Temple is located in north-south axis between the gate and the main hall, a "tower before the apse," the layout. Four-meter high tower built in the platform, the tower height 67.31 m, the bottom diameter of 30.27 meters, was flat octagonal. Elevation first floor eaves, above the layers are Dan Yan, a total of five six canopies, and concealed layer sandwiched between layers, in fact, nine. Because the underlying and a corridor for the eaves, so the appearance of the six tower roof. Layers are used inside and outside the wooden supports twice, each with 24 columns outside, there are eight, between the use of a number of wooden pillars bracing, beams, Fang and columns to form the complex in different directions wooden beam . It has been estimated, the common pine wood pagoda 3,000 cubic meters, about more than 2600 tons heavy, the overall proportion of appropriate magnificent architecture, art compact, stable form solemn.
North and South, to open the bottom of the tower a second floor flat located above the seat railing week, each equipped with wooden stairs, visitors climb step by step up to the top. Two to five each have four, located wooden partition board, adequate light, lean on a railing overlooking out, Hang Yue such as the screen, like with a dry sauna, panoramic view, relaxed and happy. Tower floors are plastic statues. One for the Buddha, 11 meters high, dignified face, an air of contented, beautiful ornate top of the caisson, the tank walls painted six Buddha images, the walls are painted with openings on both sides of King Kong, King, a disciple and so on, murals, bright color, lifelike characters. Block two-story square altar, a Buddha and two Bodhisattvas on the plastic and two retinues. Three-seat octagonal altar, on the plastic square Buddha. Ah Nuo Buddha and four plastic, Kasyapa, Monju, Fugen like. Five plastic border Losana Buddha Buddha and the NPC. Fine sculpture of the Buddha, each with modality, have high artistic value.
For the octagonal tower save point type, on the stand iron brake, beautifully produced, with the tower coordination, more so magnificent pagoda. Tower with wind chimes on each floor eaves, breeze blowing, ding-dong sound, very sweet.
二
he Yingxian Wooden Pagoda, also named Sakyamuni ['sɑ:kjəˌmuni] Pagoda of Fogong Temple, is located in the Fogong Temple, Yingxian County, Shanxi Province. It is regarded as one of the "Three Pagodas in the World", together with the Eiffel Tower in France and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy.
Built in 1056, this wooden pagoda has a history of over 1000 years. It is built on a four-meter-high groundwork with a total height of 67.31 meters, and a diameter [daiˈæmitə] of 30.27 meters at its bottom. It is 31.41-meter higher than the White Pagoda in the Beihai Park, Beijing, and 3.21-meter higher than the Dayan Pagoda (the Big Wild Goose Pagoda) in Xi'an. With a unique octagon ˈɔktəgən structure in each tier, the pagoda has a specially designed iron lightning top that is refined and coordinated with the whole structure. Wind-bells are decorated under the eaves of every tier, tinkling and jingling whenever there is breeze. The pagoda is the oldest and highest wooden structure construction in China and around the world. It is recorded that it has survived seven earthquakes in the history, especially a great earthquake happened in the Yuan Dynasty (1328 A.D.) that lasted for seven days. The pagoda stood firmly and remained intact after all that, testifying its rational use of components, fine construction and sound quality.
The tower adopts the structure of secluded chambers in design, presenting a distinctive national characteristic inherited from the Han and Tang Dynasties while leveraging the traditional architectural techniques to the fullest extent. It's scientific and precise in design and consummate in structure, reaching the highest level of the architectural art in ancient China. In recent years, a batch of precious cultural relics were found in the pagoda, including written and carved Buddhist scriptures and thin silk Buddha figure paintings in the Liao Dynasty, which are significant for our further study on Liao's politics, economy, culture and religion.
三
The Yingxian Wooden Pagoda of Fogong Temple, also called the Sakyamuni Pagoda, was built in 1056 during the Liao Dynasty and is located in the Shanxi Province of China. Standing over 66 meters tall with a base covering over 30 meters in diameter, this pagoda remains one of the oldest and tallest ancient wooden structures in the world. Remarkably, this completely wooden structure has remained intact for almost 1000 years, weathering environmental disasters as well as social upheavals. In 1996 it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered by many to be a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture1.
Similar to earlier built Indian stupas, the Yingxian Pagoda is located in the centre of a religious complex and is composed of three main parts, a raised base, a central body composed of an odd number of levels and on the top, a pinnacle or steeple2. However, unlike other ancient pagodas that were built with brick or stone reinforcement, the Sakyamuni Pagoda was constructed entirely out of wood and without the use of any nails. The strength and resilience of the structure is attributed to the type of wood used, the rare Xing’an larch from Northern China. Also notable is the fact that construction followed the Yingzao Fashi official code of building that was principled by Li Jie in 1103 A.D. which outlines the strict construction methods enforced at the time.
The pagoda sits on a large octagonal stone platform and from its exterior, the structure appears to be divided into five levels with encircling balconies and an extended steeple reaching from the top. However on the inside, there are a total of nine floors to the structure, only two of which are accessible to the public3. At the main entrance of the pagoda there is a tall statue of Sakyamuni Buddha and on the walls are murals of warrior deities, various heavenly kings, and Buddhist disciples. An enormous wooden staircase leads up to the second storey of the pagoda where a balcony extends around the entire structure offering a panoramic view of the growing city of Shanxi.
During a repair project in 1974 a number of cultural relics were found in the pagoda, including paintings depicting Chinese medicinal herbs, Buddhist scriptures and carvings. These relics are all believed to belong to the Liao Dynasty and are regarded as significant discoveries for furthering knowledge and study on religion and culture of this period of history4.
Today the Yingxian YinPagoda no longer serves primarily as a religious monument, and has instead become a national monument and the main tourist attraction in the area5. In recent years, engineers and architects have had an increased interest in the pagoda because of its extraordinary resilience to years of weathering including numerous earthquakes. The pagoda is recorded to have survived at least seven major earthquakes, including one notable earthquake during the Yuan Dynasty (1328 A.D.) that lasted for seven days6. Current research measures the compressive strength, the damage conditions as well as the deformation of the pagoda when investigating earthquake resilience and structural endurance7.
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