问题描述：
In the 9th century, a moated fortress called Hammaburg was built which grew to be a missionary stronghold（要塞、据点）. It wasn't until the 12th century that the city began its rise as a trading power - Count Adolf III scored a royal charter from Emperor Friedrich I (aka Barbarossa) which gave the city free trade rights and exempted them from pesky customs tariffs. Armed with this increased trading power, Hamburg became a leader in the newly founded Hanseatic League（汉萨同盟）, a collection of northern European merchants, which included 60 cities at the height of its influence.
Politically neutral Hamburg concentrated on developing trade, founding the Borse, Hamburg's stock exchange（证券交易所）, in 1558 and establishing, in the 17th century, a merchant navy（商船队）to guard its trading vessels. As the Hanseatic League weakened, Hamburg thrived, thanks to an influx of Dutch merchants who were fleeing religious persecution. While other cities and nations were caught up in wars or empire building, Hamburg pragmatically set about building trade with the world, irregardless of politics.
Hamburg's trading ambitions were interrupted briefly by the annexation（合并）of Germany into the Napoleonic Empire, but once the French tyrant was toppled it was business as usual. Hamburg joined the German Confederation and became known as the 'Free and Hanseatic City', with the city retaining a degree of independence within the new nation.
The city suffered a major blow with the Great Fire of 1842, which levelled（夷平）a third of the city, but it soon dusted itself off and set about（开始）rebuilding. By 1913, the city was among Europe's top ports, trading with Africa, South America and Asia, and with a population of well over a million.
WWI reparations（赔款）deprived Hamburg of most of its 1500-ship merchant navy, and WWII was even more brutal, destroying four-fifths of the port and two-fifths of the city's industrial area. The firestorm（大爆发）created by Allied bombing on 28 July 1943 killed more than 50,000 civilians and burnt out entire streets and neighbourhoods. Caught between two enemies, neutral Hamburg was also harassed by the Nazis, with 8000 local Jews perishing in nearby concentration camps.
Out of the ashes rose modern Hamburg, devoting more than 20 years to reconstruction and resilience. Always with an eye for a good deal, after the war Hamburg attracted the country's media giants, with 15 of Germany's 20 largest print publications being produced in the city, and more than 6200 publishing, film, radio, television and music companies calling the city home.
Today, Hamburg is Germany's second-biggest city after Berlin. Some 68,000 students study at nine institutions - the largest is the University of Hamburg, with 42,000 students. With 15 per cent of its population immigrants, the city has a cosmopolitan flair that has returned to Hamburg its title of Germany's Gateway to the World.
问题解答：
在第九世纪， moated堡垒所谓hammaburg建增长是一个传教据点（要塞，据点） 。但直到12世纪该城开始崛起作为一个贸易大国-计数阿道夫三，取得了皇家宪章，从皇帝弗里德里希（又名巴巴罗萨）给市自由贸易的权利和豁免，他们讨厌的关税。武装起来，这增加了交易的权力，汉堡成为一个领导人，在新成立的汉萨同盟（汉萨同盟） ，收集了北欧商人，其中包括60个城市的高度，其影响力。
保持政治中立，汉堡集中于发展贸易，成立证券交易所，汉堡的证券交易所（证券交易所） ，在1558年建立，在十七世纪，商船（商船队） ，以防范其交易的船只。作为汉萨同盟削弱，汉堡的蓬勃发展，感谢涌入荷兰商人谁逃离宗教迫害。而其他城市和国家卷入战争或在帝国大厦，汉堡，务实地订定关于建立贸易与世界，无论政治。
汉堡的贸易中断的野心，简单，由兼并（合并） ，德国到拿破仑帝国，但一旦法国暴君被推翻，这是照常营业。汉堡参加了德国邦联，并成为被称为'自由汉萨城' ，与城市保留一定程度的独立性与新国家。
城市遭受重大打击，与伟大的火1842 ，其中平地（夷平）城市的三分之一，但很快就dusted自行关闭并着手（开始）重建。由1913年，城市是欧洲最大的港口，贸易与非洲，南美洲和亚洲，与人口，以及超过100万。
第一次世界大战赔偿（赔款）汉堡剥夺其大部分1500舰商船，和二次大战，更是残酷，摧毁了五分之四的港口及二五分之二，该城市的工业区。该大火（大爆发）所创造的盟军轰炸对1943年7月28日死亡，超过5.0万平民和烧毁了整个街道和居民区。夹缝中的两个敌人，中立的汉堡也是骚扰的纳粹，与8000 perishing当地犹太人在附近的集中营。
走出骨灰上升现代汉堡，致力于20年以上的重建和复原。始终与眼是一个很好的协议，战争结束后，汉堡，吸引了该国的媒体巨头，与15个德国的20个最大的印刷出版物的生产，在城市，超过6200出版，电影，电台，电视台和唱片公司，要求城市家。
今天，汉堡是德国第二大的城市后，柏林。一些学生68000研究在九机构-最大的是汉堡大学，与4 .2万学生。与15 ％的人口移民，该市已经是一个国际的天赋已经返回汉堡其标题，德国的大门向世界。
上海旅游网